Current Techniques–Instrumentation in Tissue Culture; An Overview of Frequently Used Methods

Abstract

Gottlieb Haberlandt originally used the term "totipotency" in 1902, and now, everyone in the plant tissue culture industry is familiar with it. In order to regenerate and propagate complete plants, the technique of plant tissue culture is used to grow isolated plant cells, tissues, and organs in axenic conditions (in vitro). All plant cultures, including callus, cell, protoplast, anther, meristem, embryo, and organ cultures, are frequently referred to collectively as "tissue cultures" in this context. Tissue culture is used for the production of disease-free plant materials, the production of haploid and double haploid plants, and the induction of epigenetic or genetic variation.  The success of tissue culture techniques heavily relies on the efficient utilization of various instruments throughout the process. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the techniques and instrumentation used in plant tissue culture, The review begins by discussing the fundamental equipment required for establishing a tissue culture laboratory, including laminar flow hoods, autoclaves, and incubators. It explores the significance of these instruments in maintaining aseptic conditions, sterilizing culture media and equipment, and providing optimal growth conditions for plant tissues. By examining recent advances and applications, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of plant biotechnology research and its practical applications in agriculture, horticulture, and conservation.