Antibiotic Resistance in the Community: Awareness, Attitudes, and Emerging Concerns; A Cross-Sectional Study

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18871081

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a growing global health threat, largely driven by the irrational use of antibiotics and lack of public awareness. Understanding community knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use is crucial for developing effective interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 400 participants in University of Lahore and Central university of Punjab using a structured questionnaire based on international guidelines. The survey assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to antibiotic use and resistance. Data were analyzed to identify the most commonly used antibiotics in daily life and to evaluate awareness levels. Among the 400 respondents, 62% reported using antibiotics in the last 12 months, with amoxicillin (38%), azithromycin (21%), and ciprofloxacin (15%) being the most commonly used. Notably, 45% admitted to self-medicating without a doctor’s prescription, while 34% discontinued antibiotics before completing the prescribed course. Awareness of antibiotic resistance was moderate: 56% of respondents had heard of AR, but only 28% understood that misuse contributes to its development. Education level showed a significant association with awareness (p < 0.05), as respondents with higher education demonstrated better knowledge and responsible practices. The study highlights widespread antibiotic use, frequent self-medication, and gaps in public knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance. Strengthening awareness campaigns, improving prescription regulations, and community education are urgently needed to curb inappropriate antibiotic use and reduce the risk of resistance development.