OCCURRENCE OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN INFANTS AND NEONATES (A REVIEW)

Abstract

The most common challenge in the beginning of life is Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS is the leading reason for neonates' admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in hospitals. The increasing rate of infant morbidity and mortality is because of RDS. Sometimes, RDS become life-threatening in neonates, therefore, it requires a timely diagnosis and treatment. RDS occurs throughout the world but has different causes such as small gestational period, gestational diabetes, multiple pregnancies, Excessive Caesarean sections, chorioamnionitis etc. Pneumonia is also known as microbial infection and different microbes just as Streptococcus pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, are the causative agents of pneumonia. Occasionally, genetic problems also become the cause of RDS in which lungs are not fully developed. RDS is a diverse group of illnesses, e.g., RDS in newborns can be diagnosed by a change in breathing rates, i.e., tachypnea or bradypnea, deficiency in pulmonary surfactants, pneumonia and cyanosis are the main clinical manifestations of respiratory distress syndrome. Different methods such as replacement therapy of lung surfactants, ventilator therapy, and improved oxygenation to tissues can be beneficial in treating RDS. If RDS is not diagnosed and treated on time it can lead to respiratory failure and become the ultimate cause of death.