Role of Guava-Derived Dietary Fiber in Gut Microbiota Modulation and Constipation Management

Abstract

Constipation is one of the most common FIDs globally. It has been linked to low dietary fiber intake and unhealthy dietary patterns, as well as changes in gut microbiota composition. There is growing scientific evidence that dietary fiber has more than mechanical effects on bowel functioning, such as bulking stool, retaining water in the gut, and promoting intestinal transit, but also exerts important biological effects by modulating gut microbial communities and stimulating the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Guava (Psidium guajava) is one of the natural fiber-rich foods that has been identified as a potential functional food because it contains high levels of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, polyphenols, flavonoids, antioxidants, and other bioactive compounds. This paper examines the possible use of the guava fruit based dietry fiber in modulating gut microbiota and managing constipation by reviewing and analyzing the evidence from nutritional, microbiological and gastrointestinal studies. The literature shows that dietary fibre can be a fermentable source for the beneficial bacteria on the gut, increasing the diversity of microorganisms, increase production of SCFA, improve intestinal barrier function and support bowel regularity. Besides that, fibers from fruits, especially when used in conjunction with phytochemicals, have prebiotic properties which positively influence the functioning of the digestive system and the balance of microorganisms. While guava has a distinct nutritional profile that may have a beneficial effect on bowel function and microbial fermentation, there is currently limited scientific evidence on the direct effects of guava on gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolites and outcomes of constipation. The review points out that there is a huge gap in research regarding the mechanistic, microbiological, and clinical aspects of guava derived dietary fibre and the need for proper human trials for establishing its therapeutic potential. In summary, the study indicates that guava could be a low cost, readily available functional food with multiple mechanisms of action (mechanical and micro biome-mediated) to support gastrointestinal health. Further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness, identify the best dosage, and elucidate the role of guava as a dietary fiber for gut microbiota regulation and constipation alleviation.