Phytochemical Analysis, Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Oxidant, And Cytotoxic Potential of Psidium Guajava Leaves Extract

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the exploration, characterization, and isolation of bioactive substances originating from ethnomedicine. Pharmacotherapy of herbal medicine has been used for hundreds of years for the prevention, management, and treatment of different diseases. Psidium guajava leaf preparations have traditionally been used to treat a variety of diseases and disorders. Pharmacological research, both in vitro and in vivo, has been widely used to demonstrate the potential of leaf extracts for the co-treatment of various diseases with high prevalence worldwide, upholding traditional medicine in cases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and bacterial infections. The most important isolated compounds that show antibiotic activity are guajaverin and psidium acid. Furthermore, the bioactive content of the leaves, certain phytochemical subclasses, or even individual molecules have been linked to biological activity. Guava leaf phenolic chemicals have been linked to blood glucose regulation. Thus, the goal of this study was to consolidate data from in vivo investigations done with guava leaves, linking the effects to clinical applications, to focus future research on discovering particular bioactive components. Some dietary uses (guava tea and aquaculture additional feed)  and in vivo outcomes are also included. In antibacterial activity, themethanolic, n-hexane, and aqueous extract of Psidium guajava leaveshave 6mm, 13mm, and 10mm ZOI against E. coli. The same extract has10mm, 12mm, and 15mm ZOI against S. aureus. The antioxidant activity was calculated by the DPPH Scavenging assay. The %DPPH activity obtained from Psidium guajava leaves extract was in the range of 19-70%. Maximum activity was shown by the methanolic extract, i.e., 70.219%. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of a significant amount of total phenolic content in methanolic extract (347.81mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid content showed the highest content in the aqueous extract (365.833mgCE/g).  FTIR showed that it contains alcohol, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, alkanes, and alkenes.

Keywords: Psidium guajava, antibacterial, antioxidant, bioactive compounds, phytochemicals.