Uncovering the Threat: Prevalence and Risk Analysis of Foodborne Pathogens in Quetta District Restaurants

Abstract

Foodborne illnesses are a major public health concern globally, particularly in developing countries where regulatory systems are often inadequate. In urban centers such as Quetta, the risk of food contamination is heightened due to poor infrastructure, lack of awareness among food handlers, and limited implementation of food safety standards. This study aims to assess the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in restaurants in Quetta, Balochistan, and to evaluate the potential health risks posed to consumers. A cross-sectional study design was employed, involving the random collection of food and water samples from various restaurants across the city. The standard culturing method and biochemical, and microscopic techniques were used to detect the common foodborne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Campylobacter spp. The present study revealed a high level of contamination in a significant proportion of the tested samples, with some pathogens found to be multidrug resistant. The findings indicated widespread unhygienic practices such as improper food storage, use of contaminated water, poor hand hygiene among food handlers, and cross-contamination between raw and cooked food. Therefore, standard protocols are required to enhance hygienic environment, initiate awareness campaigns and conduct regular inspections to enforce compliance with hygiene standards.