From Jihad to Jihadism: Militancy in the Pak-Afghan Borderlands and Its Implications for South Asian Security, (2022-2026)

Abstract

This study examines the transformation of militancy in the Pak-Afghan borderlands from traditional jihad-oriented movements to contemporary jihadist networks between 2022 and 2026. The research argues that the return of the Taliban to power in Afghanistan has reshaped the regional security environment, creating new opportunities for militant groups to reorganize, expand their influence, and intensify cross-border activities. The study analyzes the ideological evolution, organizational adaptation, and operational strategies of militant actors operating along the Pak-Afghan frontier. It further explores how weak border governance, transnational militant linkages, and shifting geopolitical dynamics have contributed to the persistence of violence in the region. The findings suggest that the transition from localized jihad to transnational jihadism has not only challenged Pakistan’s internal security but has also generated broader implications for South Asian stability, regional cooperation, and counterterrorism efforts. The study concludes that addressing militancy requires a comprehensive approach that combines security measures with political engagement, socioeconomic development, and regional collaboration. Recent patterns of cross-border militancy and security tensions underscore the continuing relevance of this challenge for South Asian security.