STRATEGIES ADAPTED BY COACHES TO PROMOTE PARTICIPATION OF SPECIAL CHILDREN IN SPORTS.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63075/ay6y7b03Keywords:
Inclusive Sports, Coaching Strategies, Exceptional Children, Disability, Participation, and Adapted Physical ActivityAbstract
Background: Involvement in sports offers children with disabilities several multidimensional benefits that have positive effects on their physical, psychological and social development. However, while there are strong arguments for inclusion the under representation of children with disabilities in sport is indicative of structural, attitudinal and critical factors present in sport (Stewart et al., 2004). In this article, we describe and assess approaches utilized by coaches in order to promote involvement of children with disabilities in sports.
Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study was done on 40 teachers of special education centers in Lahore, Pakistan. A standardized questionnaire, designed according to contemporary literature and pilot-tested for reliability (Cronbach's α =. 89), was employed to evaluate coaching techniques, perceptions of barriers and facilitators. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of association (α =. 05), using SPSS v26.
Results:The most frequently used strategies by the coaches were individualised modifications, positive reinforcement, and goal setting to increase motivation and participation (χ² = 57.8, p <. 001). Student interests, adapted equipment and peer inclusion were reported as the most effective strategies to increase student engagement. Obstacles were reported to be lack of resources and specific training.
Conclusion:The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of personalized coach-based behaviors (positive relationships, individualized goals, and adapted instruction) in facilitating equitable sport experiences for children with special needs. School-level support and ongoing coach PD (professional development) is necessary to break down these barriers.
