An Eco-Friendly Approach to C-H Functionalization in Modern Organic Synthesis: Green Photoredox Catalysis

Abstract

Synergistic integration of C–H activation and photoredox catalysis is creating a new potent approach to modern organic synthesis that transforms molecules selectively, efficiently, and sustainably. The production of reactive radical intermediates in mild conditions under visible light is accomplished through photoredox catalysis. Site-selective functionalization of inert C-H bonds can be accomplished through C-H activation when the conditions are favorable. It is possible to construct new bonds and functionalize functional groups late thanks to their combination, which also makes it possible to put complex chemicals, such as natural products, medicines, and heterocycles, into easy reach. Two-catalytic processes are made possible as a result of using this combination. The focus on eco-friendly processes, expanding the variety of substrates, and computationally guided reaction design are examples of recent advancements. This review delineates fundamental concepts, mechanistic insights, applications, problems, and current trends in synthetic chemistry, emphasizing its transformational potential through a dual approach.

Keywords: Photoredox catalysis, late-stage functionalization, visible-light processes, dual catalysis, C-H activation.