Multi-Band Circular Polarization Using Split Ring Resonators for X-Band Applications

Abstract

This paper presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and experimental validation of polarizers based on split ring resonator (SRR) structures for multi-band circular polarization in the X-band frequency range (8–12 GHz). Conventional polarization techniques suffer from narrow bandwidth, high transmission loss, and limited scalability. To address these limitations, optimized SRR configurations were developed in ANSYS HFSS, progressing from single-layer to multilayer architectures. The multilayer SRR configuration achieves an axial ratio below 3 dB across a 4 GHz bandwidth, a peak polarization conversion efficiency of 95%, and an average transmission loss below 1.6 dB. Reconfigurable varactor diode-integrated polarizers add dynamic tuning capability, allowing real-time adjustment of polarization states. The simulated and measured results are in close agreement, validating the proposed designs. The SRR-based polarizers are compact, efficient, and adaptable, making them suitable for satellite communication, radar systems, 5G networks, and Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure.

Keywords: split ring resonator (SRR); circular polarization; X-band; axial ratio; metamaterial; polarization conversion; reconfigurable polarizer; ANSYS HFSS