Elucidating the Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Thioredoxinreductaseinredox-Regulated Anticancer Drug Development

Abstract

The fear of cancer is what definitely causes the highest death rates of the patients and the global statistics. Cancer is a result of the very rapid cell division Process which, in turn, generates an excessive number of abnormal cells, the precursors of the tumors, which are the main reason for the death of not only the tissues near but also the tissues surrounding them. The genetic alterations leading to the growth of a tumor are many and they are of different origins. These mutations take control over the normal signaling pathways that were meant to regulate the growth and demise of the tissue within the organism obscuring the balance that was already tilted towards death. The cancer storm has started to reveal its profoundly negative impacts on both the individual and the whole society. A huge number of people with cancer continue to be diagnosed every year which clearly shows that social position, location, and race are among the determinants of the disease occurrence within a certain population. The oncogenic mutation has caused a transformation in the gene of cancer's core wherein the gene has 'lost' control over the cell cycle by activating the process of cell division and, at the same time, differentiating and, ultimately, killing the cells. Should we accept Hanahan and Weinberg's definition, the features of cancer like immortal (not dying), limitless cell division, immune system evasion, etc., were presented as blood supply formation and metastasis (transfer to other organs) and changing of the tumor's metabolism. These features continue to represent the main focus of research and the development of new treatments in the cancer area. Among the various factors contributing to the cancer process, oxidative stress has been recognized as the most important one.