INSTITUTIONAL WEAKNESS AND MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE RESPONSES: COMPARING STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATION, STRATEGIC TRAJECTORIES, AND SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE ADOPTION ACROSS CHINA–PAKISTAN AND JAPAN–SOUTH AFRICA THROUGH CULTURAL DIMENSIONS

Abstract

Study was conducted to explore mechanism of weak institutional environment. The study's findings show a positive association between a weak institutional environment and organic firm structure and a negative association with mechanistic firm structure. Additionally, we found a positive association between a weak institutional environment and entrepreneurial strategic posture. Whereas, a negative association between a weak institutional environment and conservative strategic posture.  Moreover, we found weaker institutional environment positively correlates with engagement in sustainable practices. Lastly, we found a positive association between collectivist cultures and engagement in sustainable practices. Whereas, a negative association between individualist culture and sustainable business practices.

 Keywords: Multinational Enterprises MNEs, Weak Institutional Environment, Firm Structure, Strategic Posture, Sustainable Business Practices, Culture.