Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar–Wind Energy System for Decentralized Power Generation

Abstract

Individual renewable energy sources tend to be intermittent, which restricts their usefulness in decentralized power use. Hybrid renewable energy systems deal with this challenge through the incorporation of supplementary energy carriers. This paper describes the design, computer-aided modeling, manufacturing, installation, and testing of a small-scale hybrid solar-wind energy unit. The machine incorporates a vertical axis wind turbine, a photo-voltage panel, a battery-based energy storage unit, and a spur gear transmission to improve the rotational speed of the generator when the wind is low. The entire system was installed successfully in a highway setting and it was tested in actual outdoor operating conditions. The experimental observations evaluate the electrical performance, battery recharge characteristics and stability in varying wind and solar conditions. The findings indicate better continuity of the energy and more stable power delivery in comparison to single wind or solar operation. The suggested system demonstrates viable potential in decentralized applications, including highway lighting and off-grid rural electrification, which provides a low-cost, modular, and scalable energy solution.